As far back as Medieval illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages, monkeys have been documented in European Art. Initially used as a dark motif to denote the temptation of Christ, the Monkey was later used as a general symbol for vices.
By the 17th century, the Monkey was a pervasive figure in European art genres including painting and sculpture and monkeys often appeared to be ‘aping’ human behavior in satirical (grotesque humor) paintings (Singerie) .
Read more from the Victoria and Albert Museum.